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Khashayar Peyghan; Reza Valipour; Saeed Boromandnasab; Mohammad Albaji; Naser Alemzadeh Ansari
Abstract
Due to the increasing growth of population and changes in lifestyle, the pressure on water and soil resources has increased, thus, proper management of these resources has vital importance. This research was conducted with the aim of evaluating and comparing the effects of furrow, surface, and subsurface ...
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Due to the increasing growth of population and changes in lifestyle, the pressure on water and soil resources has increased, thus, proper management of these resources has vital importance. This research was conducted with the aim of evaluating and comparing the effects of furrow, surface, and subsurface drip irrigation on water productivity, yield, and yield components of spinach in arid and semi-arid climatic conditions of Ahvaz. For this purpose, an experiment in the form of randomized complete blocks with three treatments of irrigation methods including furrow irrigation (FI), surface drip irrigation (SDI) and subsurface drip irrigation (SSDI) was done in three replications in the research farm of the Faculty of Water and Environmental Engineering, Shahid Chamran University, Ahvaz, in 2021. According to the results, the amount of irrigation water used in the FI treatment was 1066 m3/ha and in the SDI and SSDI it was 787 m3/ha, which showed a decrease of 26.17%. In FI, SDI, and SSDI, the average yield of spinach plant (total fresh weight of leaves and stems) was equal to 23.56, 30.17 and 19.28 g and irrigation water productivity was 0.353, 0.613 and 0.392 kg/m3, respectively. In both yield and irrigation water productivity, the SDI treatment had a significant advantage at 5% level compared to the other two treatments. The effects of irrigation treatment on the characteristics of root length, stem length, total length, number of leaves, number of fresh leaves, leaf chlorophyll content and harvest index were not significant. Generally, considering water productivity as criterion, surface drip irrigation is more suitable than furrow irrigation for spinach cultivation.
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hamed poursamsam; elham akbari; ali mohammad akhond ali; saeid boroomand nasab
Abstract
Pressurized irrigation methods can be a suitable solution for optimal use of water resources, provided that the selection, design, implementation and operation of irrigation systems are done with sufficient care and according to the principles. In decision-making and implementation of pressurized irrigation ...
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Pressurized irrigation methods can be a suitable solution for optimal use of water resources, provided that the selection, design, implementation and operation of irrigation systems are done with sufficient care and according to the principles. In decision-making and implementation of pressurized irrigation systems at the sub-regional and regional scale, several factors such as water, soil and climate along with socio-economic factors are of particular importance. Dez Plain (including Lor, Dimcheh, West Dez, East Dez and Sabili plains) is the largest plain and one of the most important agricultural hubs in Khuzestan Province. In this study, using AHP in GIS software, the suitability of various areas for implementing different irrigation systems (localized, solid set, wheel move, centre pivot, linear, Gun, low-pressure, and surface) was investigated in Dez Plain. For this purpose, effective criteria including socio-economic and field physical conditions were considered for implementation of each irrigation method. Socio-economic criteria included four sub-criteria, namely, operation and maintenance, costs, laborers skills, and local culture, and physical conditions included water, climate, soil, and topography. The final location map was prepared in GIS software. According to the results, Dez Plain areas with high suitability for each methods were as follows: 62.77% for all sprinkler systems, 14.6% for localized irrigation, 14.3% for low-pressure irrigation, and 8.3% for surface irrigation. Among all irrigation methods, the solid-set sprinkler obtained the highest score in all parts of the study area and, in total, 15.04% of the whole plain is highly suitable for this system.
Dorsa Namdarian; Abdolali Naseri; Saeed Boroomand nasab; Masoud Parvizi almani
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effect of subsurface drip irrigation on leaf area index, root distribution, quality and yield of sugarcane for the first ratoon. For this purpose, a field with subsurface drip irrigation management was studied. Three measurement stations were selected in the field. ...
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This study aimed to investigate the effect of subsurface drip irrigation on leaf area index, root distribution, quality and yield of sugarcane for the first ratoon. For this purpose, a field with subsurface drip irrigation management was studied. Three measurement stations were selected in the field. The amount of water consumed for this field in 2017- 18, was 19531 mm. During this period, 117 mm of rainfall also occurred. Number of plants, number of green leaves, leaf length and width over one meter of plants row were counted and measured six times at 91, 99, 105, 112, 119 and 128 days after harvesting of plant. Number, length and width of leaves averaged 7.2, 101 cm and 2.9 cm respectively. The LAI value was affected by the number of plants. Weight of 20 stalks, brix, POL, purity (PTY), Quality Ratio (Q.R), brown sugar yield (Y) and white sugar yield (SY) in subsurface drip irrigation were 15.8 kg, 22.2%, 19.8%, 89.1%, 6.7, 21.3 ton/ha and 14.9 ton/ha respectively. Also different root characteristics were measured. Root weight, length, area, volume and diameter were 79.5 g, 707.55 cm, 793.3 cm2, 70.8 ml and 1.05 mm, respectively. Shoot/ root ratio was 5.73 g / g. Finally, in deeper and lower layers of soil, the root diameter is 20% more than the surface layer.
m y; Mohsen Ahmadee; s b; a h
Abstract
Climate change has important impacts on most of the natural processes, including hydrological cycle. Evapotranspiration, as a part of hydrological cycle, will also undergo these changes. Due to the importance of evapotranspiration in water resources and agricultural management, this research was ...
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Climate change has important impacts on most of the natural processes, including hydrological cycle. Evapotranspiration, as a part of hydrological cycle, will also undergo these changes. Due to the importance of evapotranspiration in water resources and agricultural management, this research was conducted to study climate change effect on evapotranspiration in Neyshabour plain. Evapotranspiration was calculated for five farms in Neyshabour plain using SWAP software and meteorological and agronomic data. In irrigated farms, the HADCM3, ECHAM5OM and CGCM3T47models were used to calculate crop actual evapotranspiration for 2020-2039 and 2080-2099 periods based on A2, B1 and A1B scenarios and the climate model used in rainfed farms was the HADCM3 based on A2 and B1 scenarios. The greatest calculated difference in evapotranspiration was found between the period 2080-2099 and base period (1992-2011) in the A2 scenario. Also, evapotranspiration values for the period 2080-2099 will increase compared to the period 2020-2039 in all three scenarios. Among the crops of investigate, wheat will have the greatest changes (12%) in evapotranspiration in the future periods compared to the base period, while changes of maize will be only 3%. However, the average daily evapotranspiration of maize during the growing season (about 12 mm/day) will be more than the other crops.
M H; A N; S B
Abstract
Salt accumulation in the root zone and yield declining are the main problems in using saline water for irrigation in arid areas. So, this study was performed with the aim of investigating the effect of different management of wheat residues on maize (Mobin variety) yield and its components and soil salinity ...
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Salt accumulation in the root zone and yield declining are the main problems in using saline water for irrigation in arid areas. So, this study was performed with the aim of investigating the effect of different management of wheat residues on maize (Mobin variety) yield and its components and soil salinity under irrigation with saline water. Therefore, a factorial experiment in a randomized complete block design was carried out in the Agricultural Farm of Shahid Chamran University, in one crop season. The first studied factor was different management use of wheat residues (M1: without use of crop residues, M2: use of crop residues on the soil surface as mulch, and M3: mix of crop residues with surface soil layer to 30 cm depth) and the second factor was irrigation water salinity (S1: Karun river water salinity: 2 dS/m , S2: 4.5 dS/m and S3: 7 dS/m). Management of crop residues as mulch and mixed with soil, compared with non- use of residues, decreased the salinity of surface layer on average by 16.1% and 7.8%, respectively, and transported the salts to lower layer. The effect of salinity and crop residues management on evapotranspiration, yield, and yield components was significant, but their interaction effect was significant only on evapotranspiration, grain yield, biomass, and ear length. So, the maximum effect of crop residues on adjusting the reduction of grain yield (14.6%) and biomass (19.8%) compared to the control was obtained in M2 and S2 treatments. Therefore, the use of crop residues as mulch can be recommended as an effective solution to reduce the negative effect of using saline water in agriculture.
m kh; s b; r a
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of different levels of irrigation and nitrogen fertilizer on nitrate movement, yield, and water use efficiency (WP) of corn in no-till planting method. The research was conducted in two years as a randomized complete block design arranged in a split ...
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The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of different levels of irrigation and nitrogen fertilizer on nitrate movement, yield, and water use efficiency (WP) of corn in no-till planting method. The research was conducted in two years as a randomized complete block design arranged in a split block treatment design with three replicates in the Safiabad Agricultural Research Center. Irrigation treatments amounts of 50%, 75%, and 100 % of crop water requirement (I1, I2, and I3) were allocated to the main plots, and three levels of nitrogen i.e. 150, 225, and 300 kg ha-1 (N150, N225, and N300) were in the sub plots. The average corn yield of 5 t ha-1 showed that summer corn no-till planting in wheat residue without any tillage practice was applicable in Khuzestan climate conditions. Irrigation treatments had a significant effect on corn yield (p<0.01), such that the maximum yield (5.5 t/ha) was obtained from I3 with 1037 mm applied water, and minimum yield (4.2 t/ha) was from I1 with 786 mm of water. Nitrogen had significant effect on yield (p<0.05) and protein percent (p<0.01), such that the N300 treatment had the maximum yield of 5.4 t/ha with a protein percent of 10.1%. In all treatments, fertilizer was leached within 0-30 cm soil layer, while nitrate concentration in deeper layers was 30-50% of the surface layer. However, in deeper layers, nitrate concentration variation in the same fertilizer treatment was not much.